University of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130616The Impact of Currency Union Formation on Trade among Organization of Islamic Corporation (OIC) Members Using Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory and Augment Gravity ModelThe Impact of Currency Union Formation on Trade among Organization of Islamic Corporation (OIC) Members Using Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory and Augment Gravity Model128464FAMansourZarra NejadAliFegheh MajidiJournal Article20130112In recent years, the formation of Islamic currency union has been considered in most OIC members countries. In this paper, the impact of formation of currency union on trade in OIC countries using OCA theory and augment gravity model from 1990-2011 was investigated. The results show that the factors such as common border, the existence of trade unions and common language have positive and significant effects on the flow of trade between Islamic countries, while other factors such as exchange rate volatility, landlocked and countries distance have negative and significant effects on the flow of trade between Islamic countries. As well as the formation of currency union has positive and significant effects on the flow of tradein OIC countries.In recent years, the formation of Islamic currency union has been considered in most OIC members countries. In this paper, the impact of formation of currency union on trade in OIC countries using OCA theory and augment gravity model from 1990-2011 was investigated. The results show that the factors such as common border, the existence of trade unions and common language have positive and significant effects on the flow of trade between Islamic countries, while other factors such as exchange rate volatility, landlocked and countries distance have negative and significant effects on the flow of trade between Islamic countries. As well as the formation of currency union has positive and significant effects on the flow of tradein OIC countries.https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_464_6a9a0f3c3fbbd6faab9a682179255fff.pdfUniversity of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130522The Effect of Human Capital Composition on the Technology Growth and Convergence in Selected Developed and Developing CountriesThe Effect of Human Capital Composition on the Technology Growth and Convergence in Selected Developed and Developing Countries2950465FAAbolfazlShahabadiNedaBahrami ShakibJournal Article20140104This study investigated the effect of human capital composition on technological convergence within the selected developing countries and developed countries by generalized method of moments (GMM) approach during the period of 1995 to 2010. The results suggest higher education has a positive and statistically significant effect in developed countries and negative and statistically significant effect in developing countries on the convergence and technology growth. Yet, elementary and secondary education in developed countries does not affect the growth of technology and is not led to growth of total factor productivity. Also the results show that the degree of economic openness and foreign direct investment have positive and statistically significant effect on technological development in both group of countries, while the inflation rate on technology growth in developing countries has significant positive effect on technological development in developing countries and negative and statistically insignificant effect in developed countries. <br /> This study investigated the effect of human capital composition on technological convergence within the selected developing countries and developed countries by generalized method of moments (GMM) approach during the period of 1995 to 2010. The results suggest higher education has a positive and statistically significant effect in developed countries and negative and statistically significant effect in developing countries on the convergence and technology growth. Yet, elementary and secondary education in developed countries does not affect the growth of technology and is not led to growth of total factor productivity. Also the results show that the degree of economic openness and foreign direct investment have positive and statistically significant effect on technological development in both group of countries, while the inflation rate on technology growth in developing countries has significant positive effect on technological development in developing countries and negative and statistically insignificant effect in developed countries. <br /> https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_465_c079a64c3a3a9a0a498be749c80744fd.pdfUniversity of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130522The Impact of Trade Openness on Government Size in Developing CountriesThe Impact of Trade Openness on Government Size in Developing Countries5172466FABehzadSalmaniParvizMohammad ZadehNassimAslani NiaJournal Article20140104The main objective of this study is to investigate impacts of trade openness on government size in developing countries by using an array of indicators over the period of 1970-2011. The main results of this study indicate that degree of trade openness has positive and significant effect on government size in developing countries. Moreover we find that trade openness exert statistically significant positive effects on government size over period of 1980-2011 and in developing countries with high human development index.The main objective of this study is to investigate impacts of trade openness on government size in developing countries by using an array of indicators over the period of 1970-2011. The main results of this study indicate that degree of trade openness has positive and significant effect on government size in developing countries. Moreover we find that trade openness exert statistically significant positive effects on government size over period of 1980-2011 and in developing countries with high human development index.https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_466_d4fba35c63edf54fc4c33b6d0cfd6a91.pdfUniversity of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130522Investigation of the Effects of Non-official Exchange Rate Shocks on Its Uncertainty: Long-Memory of ExchangeInvestigation of the Effects of Non-official Exchange Rate Shocks on Its Uncertainty: Long-Memory of Exchange7396467FAAlirezaErfaniZahraJahaniJournal Article20140104In this study, using monthly data of non-official exchange rate during 1980-2009, we examined the long memory of non-official exchange rate of Iran and the effects of its shocks to its nominal uncertainty. The results of the long memory tests indicate that the non-official exchange rate of Iran has long memory which means that the effects of the shocks on it, remain for long periods of time. The asymmetric effects of the exchange rate shocks on its nominal uncertainty have been investigated after supporting of long memory of the exchange rate. The estimation of APGARCH and GJR models indicate that the asymmetric coefficient of these models is negative and has high significant level, which means that the non-official exchange rate shocks has asymmetric effects on its nominal uncertainty, so that the negative shocks produce more uncertainty than positive one.
In this study, using monthly data of non-official exchange rate during 1980-2009, we examined the long memory of non-official exchange rate of Iran and the effects of its shocks to its nominal uncertainty. The results of the long memory tests indicate that the non-official exchange rate of Iran has long memory which means that the effects of the shocks on it, remain for long periods of time. The asymmetric effects of the exchange rate shocks on its nominal uncertainty have been investigated after supporting of long memory of the exchange rate. The estimation of APGARCH and GJR models indicate that the asymmetric coefficient of these models is negative and has high significant level, which means that the non-official exchange rate shocks has asymmetric effects on its nominal uncertainty, so that the negative shocks produce more uncertainty than positive one.
https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_467_c56a72e6dd542ae3201f7ebed9b4ad5b.pdfUniversity of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130522Economical - Political Analysis of Barriers of Natural Resources Abundance Effect on Economic GrowthEconomical - Political Analysis of Barriers of Natural Resources Abundance Effect on Economic Growth97124468FAMohammad AliMotafakker AzadSiabMamipourJournal Article20140104Some empirical studies show that some resource rich countries have a slow economic growth than resource poor countries, which in during late decade, this subject comes to an economic puzzle. In this paper is tried to recognize transmission from natural resources abundance to economic growth by economic and political factors. Some main channels of transmission from abundant natural resources to stunted economic growth are discussed: the Dutch disease, neglect of human capital, rent seeking, corruption and bad government. The findings of this study show that this transmission channels which cause to different countries with together is derived of bad governments. In other word, bad governments that often navigate by authoritative countries have inappropriate policy with natural resource abundance. Hence, we cannot conclude that natural resource abundant directly has a negative effect on economic growth; rather it is caused slow economic growth in some countries by bad government from the named channels of transmission.Some empirical studies show that some resource rich countries have a slow economic growth than resource poor countries, which in during late decade, this subject comes to an economic puzzle. In this paper is tried to recognize transmission from natural resources abundance to economic growth by economic and political factors. Some main channels of transmission from abundant natural resources to stunted economic growth are discussed: the Dutch disease, neglect of human capital, rent seeking, corruption and bad government. The findings of this study show that this transmission channels which cause to different countries with together is derived of bad governments. In other word, bad governments that often navigate by authoritative countries have inappropriate policy with natural resource abundance. Hence, we cannot conclude that natural resource abundant directly has a negative effect on economic growth; rather it is caused slow economic growth in some countries by bad government from the named channels of transmission.https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_468_20b7bebe8c62ee571a29cc7674b0ff5c.pdfUniversity of TabrizApplied Theories of Economics2423-65861120130522Investigation of Chaotic Behavior of Economic Growth in Iran and Phase Space ReconstructionInvestigation of Chaotic Behavior of Economic Growth in Iran and Phase Space Reconstruction125145469FAMohammad NabiShahiki TashKhadijehDinarzehiJournal Article20140104Non-linear dynamic systems show different behaviors so that they can be applied to interpret a variety of seemingly random economic phenomena. The chaos theory provides a new approach to invest the trend changes of non-linear dynamic systems in monetary and financial markets. This paper investigates the behavior of economic growth in Iran using the chaos theory, BDS and bootstrap test, maximum Lyapunov exponent, the Hurst exponent and phase space reconstruction. The aim of this study is to examine whether economic growth has an independent identical distribution or follows a non-linear (random or chaotic) process. The results of BDS test and the Hurst exponent indicate that economic growth has a non-linear process. The results of two chaotic tests include maximum Lyapunov exponent and phase space reconstruction also confirm the existence of chaos in GDP<em>.</em>Non-linear dynamic systems show different behaviors so that they can be applied to interpret a variety of seemingly random economic phenomena. The chaos theory provides a new approach to invest the trend changes of non-linear dynamic systems in monetary and financial markets. This paper investigates the behavior of economic growth in Iran using the chaos theory, BDS and bootstrap test, maximum Lyapunov exponent, the Hurst exponent and phase space reconstruction. The aim of this study is to examine whether economic growth has an independent identical distribution or follows a non-linear (random or chaotic) process. The results of BDS test and the Hurst exponent indicate that economic growth has a non-linear process. The results of two chaotic tests include maximum Lyapunov exponent and phase space reconstruction also confirm the existence of chaos in GDP<em>.</em>https://ecoj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_469_51511d7dc4ade54419c40b12d910c7f3.pdf