بررسی عوامل اقتصادی مؤثر بر انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن با استفاده از رویکرد فراتحلیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در دهه­های اخیر، تخریب فزاینده محیط­زیست باعث شده است که سیاست­گذاران به دنبال اتخاذ تصمیماتی برای کاهش خسارت بر محیط­زیست باشند. در همین راستا، هدف مطالعه حاضر، ارزیابی عوامل اقتصادی مؤثر بر انتشار دی­اکسیدکربن به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین شاخص­های کیفیت محیط زیست در کشورهای در حال توسعه از طریق مرور جامع مطالعات منتشرشده بین سال­های 2000 تا 2023 و با بکارگیری روش فراتحلیل می­باشد. معیارهای انتخاب اولیه مطالعات عبارتند از: استفاده از کلیدواژه­های مرتبط با موضوع در عنوان یا چکیده، و کامل بودن مطالعه. بعد از حذف مطالعات نامرتبط، 46 مقاله برای بررسی نهایی باقی مانده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مهم­ترین عوامل مؤثر بر انتشار گاز CO2 در مطالعات مورد بررسی عبارتند از تولید ناخالص داخلی، مصرف انرژی، تجارت بین­المللی، نسبت شهرنشینی، رشد جمعیت، توسعه مالی، و صنعتی شدن. در این میان، استفاده از تولید ناخالص داخلی و مصرف انرژی بالاترین فراوانی را در بین مطالعات داشته­اند. علاوه بر این، همه میانگین­های اندازه اثر بیشتر از 2/0 و کمتر از 5/0 می­باشد و بنابراین، این عوامل دارای اثر متوسط می­باشند. همچنین فرضیه زیست­محیطی کوزنتس و نظریه پناهگاه آلودگی صادق است و اکثر مطالعات مورد بررسی دریافته­اند که مصرف انرژی، شهرنشینی، و رشد جمعیت تأثیر مثبت و توسعه مالی تأثیر منفی بر انتشار گاز CO2 دارند. بر اساس نتایج، اتخاذ سیاست­هایی برای قیمت­گذاری بهینه انرژی، اصلاح قوانین تجارت بین­المللی، ارتقای کیفیت زندگی در مناطق روستایی، افزایش توسعه مالی و اتخاذ مالیات محیط­زیستی برای صنایع آلاینده می­تواند به کاهش انتشار CO2 کمک نماید

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Economic Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Using a Meta-Analysis Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Kamal Sadeghi 1
  • Parviz Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Ibrahim Hikmat Abbas Al-Salehi 2
1 Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 MA in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the increasing degradation of the environment has prompted policymakers to adopt measures aimed at reducing environmental damage. Accordingly, the present study aims to evaluate the economic factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions—one of the most important indicators of environmental quality—in developing countries through a comprehensive review of studies published between 2000 and 2023 using a meta-analysis approach. The initial selection criteria for studies included the presence of relevant keywords in the title or abstract and the completeness of the study. After excluding irrelevant studies, 46 articles remained for the final review. The findings indicate that the most influential factors affecting CO2 emissions in the examined studies are gross domestic product (GDP), energy consumption, international trade, urbanization rate, population growth, financial development, and industrialization. Among these, GDP and energy consumption were the most frequently studied variables. Furthermore, all mean effect sizes were greater than 0.2 and less than 0.5, indicating that these factors have a moderate effect. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) are both supported, with most studies finding that energy consumption, urbanization, and population growth have a positive effect on CO2 emissions. In contrast, financial development has an adverse impact. Based on these results, policies such as optimal energy pricing, reforming international trade regulations, improving the quality of life in rural areas, promoting financial development, and implementing environmental taxes on polluting industries could help reduce CO2 emissions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Degradation
  • Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)
  • Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH)
  • Meta-Analysis Approach

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