حداقل دستمزد و نابرابری: شواهد اثرگذاری تغییرات حداقل دستمزد بر شاخصهای نابرابری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه بین المللی اهل بیت علیهم السلام، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه حکمرانی و مالیه عمومی، مرکز پژوهش‌های توسعه و آینده نگری، تهران، ایران

چکیده

حداقل دستمزد از مهم‌ترین دستاوردهای جنبش‌های کارگری در تاریخ اقتصادی بشر به شمار می‌رود و هدف از تعیین آن بهبود معیشت و رفاه کارگران در گذر زمان است. یکی از شاخص‌های ارزیابی این بهبود، اندازه‌گیری نابرابری درآمدی در جامعه است، زیرا کارگران عمدتاً در دهک‌های متوسط و پایین درآمدی قرار دارند و با افزایش نابرابری، آسیب‌پذیری آنان نیز تشدید می‌شود. بر این اساس، در این پژوهش اثر تغییرات حداقل دستمزد بر نابرابری درآمدی در ایران بررسی شد. داده‌های سال‌های ۱۳۶۳ تا ۱۴۰۲ با استفاده از مدل ARDL تحلیل و اثر تغییرات حداقل دستمزد بر نابرابری از منظر دو شاخص ضریب جینی و پالما سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد در کوتاه‌مدت، حداقل دستمزد به بهبود توزیع درآمد بر اساس هر دو شاخص کمک می‌کند، اما در بلندمدت به دلیل تصمیم بنگاه‌ها برای کاهش جذب نیروی کار، نابرابری طبق شاخص پالما افزایش می‌یابد. در هر دو مدل، ضرایب برآوردی فرضیه U معکوس کوزنتس را تأیید می‌کنند. با این حال، در مدل پالما اثر رشد تولید سرانه با وقفه‌های طولانی‌تری بر نابرابری ظاهر می‌شود، به‌گونه‌ای که منافع رشد ابتدا دهک‌های متوسط را دربر می‌گیرد و سپس شکاف میان کم‌درآمدترین و پردرآمدترین گروه‌ها را کاهش می‌دهد. ازاین‌رو، اتخاذ استراتژی رشدی که همه دهک‌ها را هدف قرار دهد، مانند «رشد فراگیر»، کارآمدتر خواهد بود

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Minimum Wage and Inequality: Evidence on the Effects of Minimum Wage Changes on Inequality Indicators in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mehregan 1
  • Younes Teymouri 2
1 Assistant Professor, Ahlul Bayt International University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Center for Development Research and Foresight, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The minimum wage is considered one of the most important achievements of labor movements in the economic history of humankind, and its determination is intended to improve the livelihoods and welfare of workers over time. One of the indicators used to assess this improvement is the measurement of income inequality in society, as workers are predominantly concentrated in the middle and lower income deciles, and their vulnerability increases as inequality rises. Accordingly, this study examines the effect of minimum wage changes on income inequality in Iran. Data for the period from 1984 to 2023 are analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, and the effect of minimum wage changes on inequality is assessed using two indicators, namely the Gini coefficient and the Palma ratio. The results show that, in the short run, the minimum wage contributes to improving income distribution according to both indicators; however, in the long run, inequality according to the Palma ratio increases due to firms’ decisions to reduce labor hiring. In both models, the estimated coefficients support the inverted-U Kuznets hypothesis. However, in the Palma model, the effect of per capita output growth on inequality emerges with longer lags, such that the benefits of growth initially accrue to the middle income deciles and subsequently reduce the gap between the lowest- and highest-income groups. Therefore, adopting a growth strategy that targets all income deciles, such as “inclusive growth,” would be more effective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Minimum wage
  • Inequality
  • Gini coefficient
  • Palma ratio

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نظریه های کاربردی اقتصاد
دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 50
شماره پاییز 1405
شهریور 1405
صفحه 55-80

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