Determining the Optimal Amount of Market Power to Maximize the Performance of the Banking Industry

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Economics, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. h.rezaeiii@yahoo.com

2 Professor of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the factors inside and outside the banking industry on its performance. For this purpose, using the statistics of 170 countries during the years 1995-2017. The paper’s data analysis is System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) approach. After examining the static variability of the variables, the correlational relationships of the models are examined and the results indicate the existence of long-run equilibrium relations between the variables. In order to study the effect of each of the variables on performance indicators, the estimation model was studied and examined. The results of the study show that the structure-behavior-performance hypotheses (SCP) and efficient structure (ES) are confirmed and the relative market power hypothesis (RMP) are rejected. An inverse U-shaped relationship was found between concentration and profitability, which increased to a threshold level of 0.164 for the Lerner index, with increasing concentration, profitability increasing and then decreasing, and the relationship between concentration and performance being the U-shaped curve after the level. A threshold of 0.25 for the Lerner index increases performance.
Considering institutional quality makes the relationship between concentration and profitability U-shaped. Therefore, institutional quality moderates the adverse effects of market power on profitability. Also, considering institutional quality causes the relationship between concentration and efficiency to be inverted U-shaped. This means that in a low-quality institutional environment, market power leads to inefficiency and the hypothesis of a quiet life is confirmed, and in a high-quality institutional environment, market power leads to greater efficiency and the hypothesis of a quiet life is rejected

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Al Arif, M. N. R., & Awwaliyah, T. B. (2019). Market share, concentration ratio and profitability: Evidence from indonesian islamic banking industry. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 8(2), 189-201.‏
  2. Amiri, H. (2018). Evaluation the effectiveness of selected banks in Iran and its relationship with banking internal and macroeconomic variables. Journal of Applied Economics Studies in Iran, 7(26), 89-114.‏
  3. Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The review of economic studies, 58(2), 277-297.‏
  4. Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.‏
  5. Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2019). Testing the quiet life hypothesis in the African banking industry. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 19(1), 69-82.‏
  6. Aziz, O. G., & Knutsen, J. (2019). The banks profitability and economic freedom quality: empirical evidence from Arab economies. Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, 1(11), 96-110.‏
  7. Berger, A. N., Bonime, S. D., Covitz, D. M., & Hancock, D. (2000). Why are bank profits so persistent? The roles of product market competition, informational opacity, and regional/macroeconomic shocks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 24(7), 1203-1235.‏
  8. Berger, A. N., & Mester, L. J. (1997). Inside the black box: What explains differences in the efficiencies of financial institutions?. Journal of banking & finance, 21(7), 895-947.‏
  9. Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.‏
  10. Chan, S. G., Koh, E. H., Zainir, F., & Yong, C. C. (2015). Market structure, institutional framework and bank efficiency in ASEAN 5. Journal of Economics and Business, 82, 84-112.‏
  11. Claessens, S., & Laeven, L. (2004). What drives bank competition? Some international evidence. Journal of money, credit and banking, 563-583.‏
  12. Coccorese, P., & Pellecchia, A. (2010). Testing the ‘quiet life’hypothesis in the Italian banking industry. Economic Notes, 39(3), 173-202.‏
  13. Cuestas, J. C., Lucotte, Y., & Reigl, N. (2020). Banking sector concentration, competition and financial stability: the case of the Baltic countries. Post-Communist Economies, 32(2), 215-249.‏
  14. Daei Karimadeh, S., & Soleymani, M. (2017). Impact of economic freedom on the banks’ performance in Iran. Quarterly Journal of the Macro and Strategic Policies 5(19), 77-100 (In Persian).
  15. Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2014). The determinants of commercial banking profitability in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 54(3), 337-354.‏
  16. Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2011). Does the worldwide shift of FDI from manufacturing to services accelerate economic growth? A GMM estimation study. Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(3), 410-427.‏
  17. Ellis, S. (2019). The role of systemic risk, regulation and efficiency within the banking competition and financial stability relationship (Doctoral dissertation, Northumbria University).‏
  18. Goddard, J., Liu, H., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. (2013). Do bank profits converge?. European Financial Management, 19(2), 345-365.‏
  19. González, L. O., Razia, A., Búa, M. V., & Sestayo, R. L. (2019). Market structure, performance, and efficiency: Evidence from the MENA banking sector. International Review of Economics & Finance, 64, 84-101.‏
  20. Greene, W. H. (2000). Econometric analysis 4th edition. International edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 201-215.‏
  21. Hajian, M. R., & Basiratpour, H. (2017). Evaluating the mutual impacts of market elements in Iran’s banking system. Quarterly Journal of Industrial Economic Researches. 1(1), 7-22 (In Persian).
  22. Law, S. H., Lee, W. C., & Singh, N. (2018). Revisiting the finance-innovation nexus: Evidence from a non-linear approach. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 143-153.‏
  23. Khan, H. H., Ahmad, R. B., & Chan, S. G. (2018). Market structure, bank conduct and bank performance: Evidence from ASEAN. Journal of Policy Modeling, 40(5), 934-958.‏
  24. Khan, M. U. H., & Hanif, M. N. (2019). Empirical evaluation of ‘structure-conduct-performance’and ‘efficient-structure’paradigms in banking sector of Pakistan. International Review of Applied Economics, 33(5), 682-696.‏
  25. Khoshtinat, M., Taghavifard, M. T., & Nobari, N. (2016). Financial performance analysis of Iranian private banks. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Finance and Banking Studies. 2(3), 113-138 (In Persian).
  26. Sarpong-Kumankoma, E., Abor, J., Aboagye, A. Q. Q., & Amidu, M. (2018). Freedom, competition and bank profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance.‏
  27. Lind, J. T., & Mehlum, H. (2010). With or without U? The appropriate test for a U‐shaped relationship. Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics, 72(1), 109-118.‏
  28. Martinez-Miera, D., & Repullo, R. (2010). Does competition reduce the risk of bank failure?. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(10), 3638-3664.‏
  29. Maudos, J., & de Guevara, J. F. The cost of market power in the European banking sectors: social welfare loss vs. cost inefficiency.‏
  30. Mehrebanour, M. R., Naderi noorain, M. M., Inanluo, E., & Asheri, E. (2017). Factors affecting the profitability of banks. Empirical studies of financial accounting, 54, 113 – 134 (In Persian).
  31. Ali, M., & Puah, C. H. (2019). The internal determinants of bank profitability and stability. Management Research Review.‏
  32. Naylah, M., & Cahyaningratri, C. (2020). The influence of market structure in indonesian banking performance. JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan, 13(1), 120-134.‏
  33. Nouri Boroujerdi, P., Jalili, M., & Mardani, F. (2010). the effect of concentration in the banking industry and other factors on the profitability of state banks. Monetary & Banking Researches, 5, 175-202 (In Persian).
  34. Oredegbe, A. (2020). Cost efficiency determinants: evidence from the canadian banking industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 15(1).‏
  35. Phan, H. T., Anwar, S., Alexander, W. R. J., & Phan, H. T. M. (2019). Competition, efficiency and stability: An empirical study of East Asian commercial banks. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 50, 100990.‏
  36. Sarpong-Kumankoma, E., Abor, J., Aboagye, A. Q., & Amidu, M. (2017). Freedom, competition and bank efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Law and Management.‏
  37. Schaeck, K., & Čihák, M. (2008). How does competition affect efficiency and soundness in banking? New empirical evidence.‏
  38. Shahchera, M., & Jouzdani, N. (2016). Income diversification and profitability in Iranian banking system. Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economics Policies, 4(14), 33-52 (In Persian).
  39. Sufian, F., & Habibullah, M. S. (2010). Does economic freedom fosters banks’ performance? Panel evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 6(2), 77-91.‏
  40. Tregenna, F. (2009). The fat years: the structure and profitability of the US banking sector in the pre-crisis period. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 33(4), 609-632.‏
  41. Trujillo‐Ponce, A. (2013). What determines the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Accounting & Finance, 53(2), 561-586.‏
  42. Uhde, A., & Heimeshoff, U. (2009). Consolidation in banking and financial stability in Europe: Empirical evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33(7), 1299-1311.‏
  43. Van Hoose, D. (2010). the Industrial organization of banking. Berlin, Germany: Springer.‏
  44. Viverita, V. (2014). Cost efficiency and market power: A test of quiet life and Rrelated hypotheses in indonesian banking industry. Managing Service Productivity, 215, 167-190.