A Study of Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Banking Sector Stability in Bank Melli Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, University of Tabriz

2 Associate professor of Economics, University of Tabriz

Abstract

This study analyzed the anti-money laundering and banking sector stability regulations in Bank Melli Iran econometrically. Panel data of this bank were used during 2011-2021. Secondary data have been extracted from the World Bank, IMF and Financial Websites of Bank Melli Iran. The two-step extended real-time method (GMM) was used to analyze the effect of AML regulations on banking sector stability and the effects of different levels of AML effectiveness and its impact on banking sector stability in Bank Melli Iran. This study showed that AML regulations have a significant positive effect on banking stability in different countries and consequently in Iran and Bank Melli Iran. This shows that anti-money laundering regulations, whether high or low effective, will still have a positive impact on the banking sector stability of Bank Melli Iran and consequently financial stability of the whole country of Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Aga, M., & Kocaman, B. E. R. N. A. (2006). An empirical investigation of the relationship between inflation, P/E ratios and stock price behaviors using a new series called Index-20 for Istanbul Stock Exchange. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 6(3), 133-165.‏
  2. Agbloyor, E. K., Abor, J., Adjasi, C. K. D., & Yawson, A. (2013). Exploring the causality links between financial markets and foreign direct investment in Africa. Research in International Business and Finance, 28, 118-134.‏
  3. Agoba, A. M., Abor, J. Y., Osei, K., Sa-Aadu, J., Amoah, B., & Dzeha, G. C. O. (2019). Central bank independence, elections and fiscal policy in Africa: examining the moderating role of political institutions. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(5), 809-830.‏
  4. Ajayi, K., & Abdulkareem, H. (2010). Insulating the vaults from the tide of dirty money: are the floodgates secure?. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(1), 33-44.‏
  5. Al-Nuemat, A. A. (2014). Money laundering and banking secrecy in the Jordanian legislation. Int't Com. L. & Tech., 9, 117.‏
  6. Alexander, K. (2001). The international anti‐money‐laundering regime: the role of the financial action task force. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 4(3), 231-248.‏
  7. Alshubiri, F. N. (2017). Determinants of financial stability: an empirical study of commercial banks listed in Muscat Security Market. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(4).‏
  8. Aluko, A., & Bagheri, M. (2012). The impact of money laundering on economic and financial stability and on political development in developing countries: The case of Nigeria. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 15(4), 442-457.‏
  9. Anarfo, E. B., Abor, J. Y., Osei, K. A., & Gyeke-Dako, A. (2019). Financial inclusion and financial sector development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel VAR approach. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(4), 444-463.‏
  10. Andrés, J., & Hernando, I. (1999). Does inflation harm economic growth? Evidence from the OECD. In The costs and benefits of price stability (pp. 315-348). University of Chicago Press.‏
  11. Azevedo Araujo, R. (2008). Assessing the efficiency of the anti‐money laundering regulation: an incentive‐based approach. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11(1), 67-75.‏
  12. Bartlett, B. L. (2002). The negative effects of money laundering on economic development. Platypus Magazine, (77), 18-23.‏
  13. Boateng, A., Hua, X., Nisar, S., & Wu, J. (2015). Examining the determinants of inward FDI: Evidence from Norway. Economic Modelling, 47, 118-127.‏
  14. Bond, S. R. (2002). Dynamic panel data models: a guide to micro data methods and practice. Portuguese economic journal, 1, 141-162.‏
  15. Cuestas, J. C., Lucotte, Y., & Reigl, N. (2020). Banking sector concentration, competition and financial stability: the case of the Baltic countries. Post-Communist Economies, 32(2), 215-249.‏
  16. Fang, Y., Hasan, I., & Marton, K. (2014). Institutional development and bank stability: Evidence from transition countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 39, 160-176.‏
  17. Fernández, A. I., González, F., & Suárez, N. (2016). Banking stability, competition, and economic volatility. Journal of Financial Stability, 22, 101-120.‏
  18. Geiger, H., & Wuensch, O. (2007). The fight against money laundering: An economic analysis of a cost‐benefit paradoxon. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10(1), 91-105.‏
  19. Go, L., & Benarkah, N. (2019). Quo Vadis legal profession participation in anti-money laundering. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(4), 764-769.‏
  20. Hamin, Z., Omar, N., & Wan Rosli, W. R. (2016). Airing dirty laundry: Reforming the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing regime in Malaysia. Global Jurist, 16(1), 127-139.‏
  21. Houston, J. F., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Ma, Y. (2010). Creditor rights, information sharing, and bank risk taking. Journal of financial Economics, 96(3), 485-512.‏
  22. Jokipii, T., & Monnin, P. (2013). The impact of banking sector stability on the real economy. Journal of International Money and Finance, 32, 1-16.‏
  23. Kato, P., & Hagendorff, J. (2010). Distance to default, subordinated debt, and distress indicators in the banking industry. Accounting & Finance, 50(4), 853-870.‏
  24. Laeven, L., & Levine, R. (2009). Bank governance, regulation and risk taking. Journal of financial economics, 93(2), 259-275.‏
  25. Masciandaro, D. (1999). Money laundering: the economics of regulation. European Journal of Law and Economics, 7, 225-240.‏
  26. Masciandaro, D. (2005). False and reluctant friends? National money laundering regulation, international compliance and non-cooperative countries. European Journal of Law and Economics, 20, 17-30.‏
  27. Mburu, R. W. (2016). Determinants of financial disintermediation among commercial banks In Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).‏
  28. Mekpor, E. S. (2019). Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism compliance: Are FATF member states just scratching the surface?. Journal of Money Laundering Control.‏
  29. Mekpor, E. S., Aboagye, A., & Welbeck, J. (2018). The determinants of anti-money laundering compliance among the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) member states. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance.‏
  30. Muhammad, A. Z. A. M., & Siddiqui, S. (2011). Domestic and foreign banks’ profitability: Differences and their determinants. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(1), 33-40.‏
  31. Mugarura, N. (2011). The institutional framework against money laundering and its underlying predicate crimes. Journal of financial regulation and compliance.‏
  32. Ofoeda, I., Agbloyor, E. K., Abor, J. Y., & Osei, K. A. (2022). Anti‐money laundering regulations and financial sector development. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 27(4), 4085-4104.‏
  33. Ozili, P. K. (2018). Banking stability determinants in Africa. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14(4), 462-483.‏
  34. Rahman, A. A. (2013). The impact of reporting suspicious transactions regime on banks: Malaysian experience. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 16(2), 159-170.‏
  35. Raweh, B. A., Erbao, C., & Shihadeh, F. (2017). Review the literature and theories on anti-money laundering. Asian Development Policy Review, 5(3), 140-147.‏
  36. Spratt, S. (2013). Food price volatility and financial speculation. Future agricultures working paper, 47(7).‏
  37. Subbotina, N. (2008). Development of anti‐money laundering regime in Russia. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11(4), 358-370.‏
  38. Tang, J., & Ai, L. (2010). Combating money laundering in transition countries: the inherent limitations and practical issues. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(3), 215-225.‏
  39. Tanzi, M. V. (1997). The changing role of the state in the economy: a historical perspective. International Monetary Fund.‏
  40. Tupman, B. (2015). What does the way crime was organised yesterday tell us about the way crime is organised today and will be tomorrow?. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 18(2), 220-233.‏
  41. Kemal, M. U. (2014). Anti-money laundering regulations and its effectiveness. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 17(4), 416-427.
  42. Van der Zahn, M., Makarenko, M. I., Tower, G., Kostyuk, A. N., Barako, D., Chervoniaschaya, Y., ... & Kostyuk, H. (2007). The anti‐money laundering activities of the central banks of Australia and Ukraine. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10(1), 116-13