Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and management,, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
10.22034/ecoj.2025.63586.3353
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing environmental degradation has led policymakers to try to adopt decisions to reduce environmental damage. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the economic determinants of CO2 emissions as one of the most important indicators of environmental quality in developing countries through a comprehensive review of Persian and English papers published between 2000 ti 2023 and applying meta-analysis method. The results of the study indicate that, according to the papers under study, the most important factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions are gross domestic product, energy consumption, international trade, urbanization ratio, population growth, financial development, and industrialization. Meanwhile, GDP and energy consumption have been repeated more than other variable. In addition, all effect sizes are greater than 0.2 and less than 0.5, and therefore, these factors have moderate effects on carbon dioxide emissions. Also, according to the results of this study, the hypothesis of Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis are confirmed in developing countries. What is more, most of the studies have found that energy consumption, urbanization, and population growth have positive effects and financial development has a negative effect on CO2 emissions. Based on the results, adopting policies for optimal energy pricing, reforming international trade rules, improving the quality of life in rural areas, increasing financial development, and adopting environmental taxes for polluting industries can help reduce CO2 emissions.
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