1
Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, University of Tabriz
2
Associate Professor of Economics, University of Tabriz
Abstract
Social welfare is one of the suitable criteria for macroeconomic situation reviewing and policymakers performance evaluating in society. Therefore, social welfare convergence of regions is an important issue. Owing to the increment of social classes’ gap and inequality in society, politicians consider the social welfare convergence of regions to tackle the mentioned problem. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the convergence of social welfare of Iranian provinces with using spatial STAR nonlinear techniques during 2000-2013. The results indicate that there is a convergence between provinces that they have not spatial effects. In addition, the convergence speed in this group of provinces is equal to 3.1289. Also, the results indicate that there is not a convergence between the provinces that they have the spatial effects.
Abdoli, Gh., & Shirdel, R. (2010). Elasticity of marginal utility of social welfare function and the provinces welfare weights in Iran. Social Welfare Quarterly, 10(36), 149-166 (In Persian).
Abdolmaleki, H. (2011). An introduction to the design and estimation of the urban social welfare function and it’s role in urban planning. Articles of the first conference on urban economics of Iran. Mashhad Ferdowsi University (In Persian).
Attia, N., & Bérenger, V. (2009). European integration and social convergence: A qualitative appraisal. Panoeconomicus, 56(1), 3-19.
Bary‚ B .(1989). Theories of justice London‚ harvester-wheat sheaf.
Denis, B. (2006). Convergence in social welfare systems: From evidence to explanations. European Journal of Social Quality, 6 (1), 109-126.
Fitzpatrick, T. (2002). Welfare theory. Translation of Hormoz Homayounpour. Tehran: Iranian Social Security Organization (In Persian).
Gilberto, G. P., Benito, C. C., Abraham, J. A., & Miguel, D. R. (2015). Mathematical modeling of physical capital using the spatial Solow model. Quantitative Finance - General Finance, arXiv: 1504.04388v1 [q-fin.GN] 16 Apr 2015, 1-17.
Golparvar, M., Arizi, H. R., & Madani, S. (2009). The role of attitude toward social welfare in relation between empathy and social interest with approaches to social justice. Social Welfare Quarterly, 8(32), 131-166 (In Persian).
Haghju, N. (2003). Social welfare and development: Functions of supportive institutes. Social Welfare Quarterly, 2(6), 75-96 (In Persian).
Harvey, D., & Braun, B. (1996). Justice, nature and the geography of difference (Vol. 468). Oxford: Blackwell.
Hezar Jaribi, J., & Safari Shali, R. (2011). Social welfare and it’s effective factors: A case study in Tehran. Research and Urban Planning, 2(5), 1-22 (In Persian).
Kakwani, N., & Son, H. H. (2015). Income inequality and social well-being. Working Paper Series, ECINEQ WP 380, 1-55.
Kakwani, N., & Son, H. H. (2016). Social welfare functions and development: Measurement and policy applications, ISBN 978-1-137-58324-6.
Kula, E. (2002). Regional welfare weights in investment appraisal-the case of India. Regional Analysis & Policy, 31(1), 1-32.
Lashkary, M. (2013). A comparison of different theories about the priority of economic growth and income distribution. Humanities Journal of Payame Noor University of Mashhad, 4, 65-77 (In Persian).
Lessage, J. (2004). Maximum likelihood estimation of spatial regression models. http://www.spatial-econometrics.com.
Mahdavi Adeli, M. H., & Ranjbaraki, A. (2005). The investigation of the long-term relationship between economic growth and income in Iran. Economics Research, 5(18), 113-138 (In Persian).
Maleki, S., Ahmadi, R., & Davoodi, A. (2014). The study of spatial distribution and economic development rating in the Khuzestan province cities. Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies, 2(6), 5-22 (In Persian).
Martic, M., & Savic, G. (2001). An application of DEA for comparative analysis and ranking of regions in Serbia with regards to social-economic development. Operational Research, 132, 343-356.
Pede, V. O., Florax, R. J. G. M. and Holt, M. T. (2009). A spatial econometric star model with an application to U.S. county economic Growth 1969–2003. Working Paper 09-03, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University.
Pede, V. O., Florax, R. J. G. M., & Holt, M. T. (2008). Modeling non-linear spatial dynamics: A family of spatial STAR models and an application to U.S. economic growth. Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, July 27-29.
Pede, V. O., Florax, R. J.G.M., & Lambert, D. M. (2014). Spatial econometric STAR models: Lagrange multiplier tests, Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 49, 118-128.
Pfaffermayr, M. (2009). Conditional β and σ-convergence in space: A maximum likelihood approach. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39, 63–7
Rassekh, F., Panik, M. and Kolluri, B. (2001). A test of the convergence hypothesis: The OECD experience, 1950-1990. International Review of Economics, 10, 149-157.
Reis, E. (2014). Spatial income inequality in Brazil, 1872–2000. Economia, 15, 119–140.
Schmitt, C., & Starke, P. (2011). Explaining convergence of OECD welfare states: A conditional approach. Journal of European SocialPolicy, 21(2), 120-135.
Mohaqeqi Kamal, S., Rafiey, H., Sajjadi, H., Rahgozar, E. Abbasian, M., & Sharifian Sani, M. (2015). Territorial analysis of social welfare in Iran. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 31(3), 271-282.
Shahbazi, K., Rezaei, E., & Hamidi Razi, D. (2015). Investigating the economic convergence of member countries of economic cooperation organization (ECO): Spatial panel econometrics. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies, 19(74), 155-196 (In Persian).
Shahiki Tash, M. N., Yaghfoori, H., & Darvishi, B. (2015). Review the intensity of spatial and regional imbalance of welfare (comparative study of welfare in Iran provinces based on Harvey and Smith approaches). Journal Management System, 5(17), 15-30 (In Persian).
Shakibaei, A., Kamal-e-Dini, Z., Taleghani, F., & Ahmadi-Nejad, M. R. (2015). The impact of urbanization on the convergence rate of the income distribution in selected provinces of Iran (spatial econometric approach). Economics Research, 15(57), 109-140 (In Persian).
Tian, L., H. Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2010). Spatial externalities in china regional economic growth. China Economic Review, 21, 20–31.
Trasvirta, T. (1994). Specification, estimation and evaluation of smooth transition autoregressive models. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 89, 208-218.
Tunali, C. and Yilanci, V. (2010). Are per capita incomes of MENA countries converging or diverging? Statistical Mechanics and its Application, 389(21), 4855-4862.
Wodon, Q., & Yitzhaki, S. (2005). Growth and convergence: A social welfare framework. Review of Income and Wealth, 51(3), 443-454.
Vafaei, E., Mohammadzadeh, P., Fallahi, F., & Asgharpour, H. (2017). The Convergence of Social Welfare in the Iranian Provinces Using Spatial STAR Nonlinear Technique. Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 4(2), 79-102.
MLA
Elham Vafaei; Parviz Mohammadzadeh; Firouz Fallahi; Hossein Asgharpour. "The Convergence of Social Welfare in the Iranian Provinces Using Spatial STAR Nonlinear Technique". Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 4, 2, 2017, 79-102.
HARVARD
Vafaei, E., Mohammadzadeh, P., Fallahi, F., Asgharpour, H. (2017). 'The Convergence of Social Welfare in the Iranian Provinces Using Spatial STAR Nonlinear Technique', Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 4(2), pp. 79-102.
VANCOUVER
Vafaei, E., Mohammadzadeh, P., Fallahi, F., Asgharpour, H. The Convergence of Social Welfare in the Iranian Provinces Using Spatial STAR Nonlinear Technique. Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, 2017; 4(2): 79-102.
)