ارزیابی کارایی زیست‌محیطی شرکت‌های برق منطقه‌ای: مقایسه مدل‌های شعاعی و غیرشعاعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار اقتصاد دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی سیستم‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

در این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از الگوی ناپارامتریک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA) کارایی زیست‌محیطی 16 شرکت برق منطقه‌­ای کشور در بازه زمانی 1389-1393محاسبه شده است. بر خلاف مدل­‌های سابق کارایی که بیشتر بر مدل­‌های شعاعی تمرکز داشته­‌اند در این تحقیق ضمن معرفی چند مدل غیرشعاعی (شامل مازاد‌مبنا، تابع فاصله جهت­‌دار بر مبنای مازادها و بُرد تنظیم شده) و مقایسه روش آن­ها با مدل­‌های شعاعی (شامل CCR و تابع فاصله جهت­‌دار)، محاسبه کارایی شرکت­‌های برق منطقه‌­ای با این دو الگو انجام شده و نتایج مدل­‌های شعاعی و غیرشعاعی با هم مقایسه شد‌‌ه‌­اند. همچنین در این تحقیق علاوه بر این که ستاند‌ه‌­ها به دو گروه مطلوب (تولید برق) و نامطلوب (انتشار کربن دی‌اکسید) تقسیم شد‌ه‌­اند، نهاد‌ه‌­ها نیز به دو گروه انرژی و غیرانرژی تفکیک شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در بین شرکت­‌های برق منطقه­‌ای شرکت­‌های برق منطقه­‌ای کرمان و خوزستان بالاترین کارایی و شرکت­‌های برق منطقه‌­ای فارس و سیستان و بلوچستان پایین ترین کارایی را دارند. همچنین نتایج آزمون­‌های آماری با استفاده از رتبه کارایی شرکت­‌ها نشانگر دو مفهوم اقتصادی است، اول این که تغییر مهمی در کارایی و عملکرد صنعت برق ایران بین سال­‌های 1389 تا 1393 اتفاق نیفتاده است؛ دوم این که بعد از آزادسازی قیمت حامل­‌های انرژی استراتژی­‌ها و رویکردهای متفاوتی توسط شرکت­‌های برق منطقه­‌ای اتخاذ شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Efficiency Assessment of Iranian Electric Power Companies: Comparison between Radial and Non-Radial Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Siab Mamipour 1
  • Behnam Najafzadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor in Economics, Kharazmi University
2 MA Student of Socio-Economic Systems, Kharazmi University
چکیده [English]

This study uses DEA non-parametric approach (Data Envelopment Analysis) to measure the environmental efficiency of 16 Iranian electric power companies during the period (2010-2014). The proposed approach incorporates not only the output separation (desirable and undesirable) but also the input separation (energy and non-energy). This study discusses some non-radial models) slack based measure, Slack based measure based on directional distance function, Range adjusted measure) and compare them with other previous DEA radial models (CCR, Directional distance function) used for the performance evaluation of electric power companies. After the methodological comparison, this study applies the proposed approaches for measuring the environmental efficiency of Iranian fossil fuel power generation. The results show that Kerman and Khuzestan electric power companies belong to a high level of environmental efficiency and the worst performers are Sistan and Baluchestan and Fars companies in term of fossil fuel power generation. Finally, we can conduct a rank sum test based upon their ranking scores to obtain a statistical inference. We find two economic implications. One of the two implications is that no major change has occurred in the operational performance of Iranian electric power industry from 2010 to 2014. The other implication indicates that there are strategic differences in the operation of Iranian electric power firms after the liberalization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental efficiency
  • Power generation companies
  • Radial and Non-Radial models

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