بررسی رابطه میان ترجیحات اقتصادی، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و سواد مالی، مطالعه آزمایشگاهی در شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مدیریت، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در عصر مدرن، بررسی رفتار انسان و ارائه راهکارهایی در جهت بهبود تصمیم­گیری را می­توان یکی از مهم‌ترین اهداف در علوم مدیریت، اقتصاد و روانشناسی دانست. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و سواد مالی افراد بر رفتار اقتصادی‌شان بود. اقتصاددانان ریشه مشکلات تصمیم­گیری در افراد را در چارچوب به حداکثر رساندن مطلوبیت می­بینند و مطلوبیت افراد، به‌وسیله ترجیحاتی همچون ریسک، زمان و ترجیحات اجتماعی شکل می­گیرد. این ترجیحات در ترکیب با انتظارات، ادراکات، باورها، محدودیت‌ها منجر به شکل­گیری رفتار می‌شوند. روانشناسی شخصیت نیز به دنبال معرفی ویژگی‌های انسان­ها و تفاوت‌های آن‌ها در سرتاسر جهان است. این ویژگی­ها بر افکار، احساسات و رفتار تأثیرگذار است و پاسخ افراد به مسائل گوناگون و تحت شرایط خاص خود، نشائت گرفته از آن است. از طرفی، سواد یا دانش مالی، اطلاعاتی است که به‌وسیله آن اهمیت تحصیلات مالی و تنوع برآمدهای مالی را نشان داده می‌شود. تعریف و به‌کارگیری مفهوم سواد مالی و ارزیابی آن می‌تواند فهم بهتر از تأثیر تحصیلات و همچنین موانع یک انتخاب مالی درست ضرورت داشته باشد. پژوهش حاضر پس از سنجش ترجیحات اقتصادی افراد با استفاده از بازی‌های اقتصادی و همچنین سنجش ویژگی‌های شخصیتی با استفاده از آزمون‌ معتبر شخصیت شناسی مدل 5 عاملی و سواد مالی به بررسی تأثیر شخصیت و سواد مالی افراد بر تصمیمات اقتصادی آن‌ها پرداخته است. نتایج این پژوهش که از مشارکت 1000 نفر به‌دست آمده است، ضمن تأیید نتایج پژوهش‌های گذشته، نشان داد که ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و سواد مالی بر ترجیحات اقتصادی اثرگذار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Economic Preferences, Personality Traits and Financial literacy:An Experimental Study in Tehran City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hosein Asadolahzadeh
  • Mohammad Ali Keramati
  • Jalal Haghighat Monfared
Phd student of Azad University, Central Tehran branch
چکیده [English]

In the modern era, the study of human behavior and providing solutions to improve decision-making can be considered one of the most important aims in management, economics and psychology. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of personality traits and financial literacy of people on their economic behavior. Economists typically depict decision problems in a framework of utility maximization. An individual’s utility is shaped by preferences such as risk, time, and social preferences. These preferences, in combination with expectations of future events, beliefs, consideration and constraints shape behavior. Personality psychology offers several frameworks describing universal traits and individual differences. Personality traits as the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances are important determinants of personality. On the other hand, financial literacy is information that shows the importance of financial education and the variety of financial outcomes. Defining and applying the concept of financial literacy and its evaluation can be necessary for a better understanding of the impact of education as well as the obstacles to a correct financial choice. In this study, we conducted choice experiments on key economic preferences, obtained multiple behavioral measures for each preference. Then, we assessed personality traits of individuals by using big five. The result of this study, with participation of 1000 participants, while confirming the results of previous studies, showed that personality traits and financial literacy affect economic preferences.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic preferences
  • Personality traits
  • Big five
  • Financial Literacy

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